![]() ![]() In the 1230s, they began to head west, eyeing territory in Eastern Europe. Mongols Go West Conquering China was a major victory, but it was just the beginning for the Mongols. Under the rule of Kublai Khan, the Mongol Empire became the largest contiguous empire ever seen. Kublai Khan went on to become the first emperor of the Yuan Dynasty, which lasted until 1368. The boy’s demise marked the complete takeover of China by Mongol rulers. In 1279, with Mongol invaders closing in, a loyal minister carrying the eight-year-old emperor jumped into the ocean, and both drowned. ![]() He, his mother, and the imperial court fled the Mongol forces. Mongol forces besieged the Song’s important fortress city of Xianyang for five years before conquering it and moving on. After a period of peace between Mongols in the northern region of China and the southern Song Empire, the grandson of Genghis Khan, Kublai Khan, began a second invasion of the Chinese region. ![]() The Jin state was absorbed into the Mongol Empire under Ogodei Khan in 1234. The Mongols learned siege warfare techniques from the Chinese, which helped them extend their military outfitting beyond their significant cavalry forces. Genghis Khan allied his forces with defectors from the Jin state in order to overtake their army. Mongols took advantage of the fractured state of China, which was then divided into the Song Empire in the south and the Jin Empire in the north. The Mongol invasion of China started in 1211 when Genghis Khan’s forces took on the northern Chinese Jin Empire. Over the course of its existence, the empire would become the largest contiguous land empire in history. Under the leadership of the infamous Genghis Khan and, later, his grandson, Kublai Khan, Mongol nomads overran the Chinese armies and ushered in the Yuan Dynasty of China. Mongol Conquest of China The Great Wall of China was built to keep northern forces from raiding China, but in the 13th century C.E., the wall provided little help against the armies of Mongol invaders. Their military prowess won them the largest contiguous land empire in history. They conquered China, terrorized Eastern Europe, sacked Baghdad, and attacked the Mamluks in Egypt. The Mongol Horde enjoyed a fearsome reputation as a largely undefeated fighting force. ![]()
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